{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "organization": "CERT@VDE",
        "summary": "coordination",
        "urls": [
          "https://certvde.com"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "aggregate_severity": {
      "namespace": "https://www.first.org/cvss/v3.1/specification-document#Qualitative-Severity-Rating-Scale",
      "text": "High"
    },
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://www.first.org/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-GB",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "A design flaw in the file system management exposes internal system partitions - intended to be hidden - during brief moments when they are mounted by the firmware. These partitions contain sensitive data such as firmware and certificates. Although access to the file system is mediated by a Nucleus layer that supports permission control, these permissions are currently not enforced. As a result, services like FTP/SFTP may inadvertently gain access to critical internal resources, increasing the risk of unauthorized access or data leakage.",
        "title": "Summary"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "Due to the visibility of the internal partitions a low-privileged remote attacker can escalate privileges and can for example edit the firmware files.",
        "title": "Impact"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "Update to Firmware version 13.",
        "title": "Remediation"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "By default, FTP is disabled on these devices. To prevent exploitation of this vulnerability, it is recommended to also disable SFTP in firmware versions below 13 through the device's configuration settings.",
        "title": "Mitigation"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "vendor",
      "contact_details": "psirt@wago.com",
      "name": "WAGO GmbH & Co. KG",
      "namespace": "https://www.wago.com/psirt"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "WAGO PSIRT",
        "url": "https://www.wago.com/de-en/automation-technology/psirt"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "CERT@VDE Security Advisories for WAGO",
        "url": "https://certvde.com/de/advisories/vendor/wago/"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "VDE-2025-048: WAGO: Escalation of Privileges in Coupler Firmware - HTML",
        "url": "https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2025-048"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "VDE-2025-048: WAGO: Escalation of Privileges in Coupler Firmware - CSAF",
        "url": "https://wago.csaf-tp.certvde.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/vde-2025-048.json"
      }
    ],
    "title": "WAGO: Escalation of Privileges in Coupler Firmware",
    "tracking": {
      "aliases": [
        "VDE-2025-048"
      ],
      "current_release_date": "2025-09-08T07:00:00.000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-09-05T09:45:45.351Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "Secvisogram",
          "version": "2.5.34"
        }
      },
      "id": "VDE-2025-048",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-08T07:00:00.000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2025-09-08T07:00:00.000Z",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "initial version"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "branches": [
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0362",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0362",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11001",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0362"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0362/0000-0001",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0362/0000-0001",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11002",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0362/0000-0001"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0362/0040-0000",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0362/0040-0000",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11003",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0362/0040-0000"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0362/K013-1080",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0362/K013-1080",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11004",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0362/K013-1080"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0362/K019-7576",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0362/K019-7576",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11005"
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0363",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0363",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11006",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0363"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0363/0040-0000",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0363/0040-0000",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11007",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0363/0040-0000"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0364/0040-0010",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0364/0040-0010",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11008",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0364/0040-0010"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0365/0040-0010",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0365/0040-0010",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11009",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0365/0040-0010"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "category": "product_name",
                    "name": "0750-0366",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Coupler 0750-0366",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-11010",
                      "product_identification_helper": {
                        "model_numbers": [
                          "0750-0366"
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "category": "product_family",
                "name": "Coupler"
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_family",
            "name": "Hardware"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "<FW13",
                "product": {
                  "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-21001"
                }
              },
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "FW13",
                "product": {
                  "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-22001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_family",
            "name": "Firmware"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "WAGO"
      }
    ],
    "product_groups": [
      {
        "group_id": "CSAFGID-0001",
        "product_ids": [
          "CSAFPID-31001",
          "CSAFPID-31002",
          "CSAFPID-31003",
          "CSAFPID-31004",
          "CSAFPID-31005",
          "CSAFPID-31006",
          "CSAFPID-31007",
          "CSAFPID-31008",
          "CSAFPID-31009",
          "CSAFPID-31010"
        ],
        "summary": "Affected products."
      },
      {
        "group_id": "CSAFGID-0002",
        "product_ids": [
          "CSAFPID-32001",
          "CSAFPID-32002",
          "CSAFPID-32003",
          "CSAFPID-32004",
          "CSAFPID-32005",
          "CSAFPID-32006",
          "CSAFPID-32007",
          "CSAFPID-32008",
          "CSAFPID-32009",
          "CSAFPID-32010"
        ],
        "summary": "Fixed products."
      }
    ],
    "relationships": [
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31001"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11001"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/0000-0001",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31002"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11002"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/0040-0000",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31003"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11003"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/K013-1080",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31004"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11004"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/K019-7576",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31005"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11005"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0363",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31006"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11006"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0363/0040-0000",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31007"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11007"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0364/0040-0010",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31008"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11008"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0365/0040-0010",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31009"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11009"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware <FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0366",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31010"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11010"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32001"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11001"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/0000-0001",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32002"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11002"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/0040-0000",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32003"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11003"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/K013-1080",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32004"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11004"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0362/K019-7576",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32005"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11005"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0363",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32006"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11006"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0363/0040-0000",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32007"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11007"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0364/0040-0010",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32008"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11008"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0365/0040-0010",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32009"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11009"
      },
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "WAGO Firmware FW13 installed on Coupler 0750-0366",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-32010"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-22001",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11010"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-41664",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-732",
        "name": "Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A low-privileged remote attacker could gain unauthorized access to critical resources, such as firmware and certificates, due to improper permission handling during the runtime of services (e.g., FTP/SFTP). This access could allow the attacker to escalate privileges and modify firmware.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Description"
        },
        {
          "category": "details",
          "text": "The internal file system is located on an eMMC in pSLC mode with a storage capacity of 4/8 GB. There are three partitions, two of which are not visible to the user and are used for storing firmware and certificates. Additionally, there is a user partition with a size of 1 GB. The FAT32 file system is accessible to the user via services such as SFTP. Access is managed through a Nucleus intermediary layer that supports permissions, although these are not currently utilized. Access permissions on the couplers are controlled by the permissions of the respective services accessing them. There is a vulnerability in the internal partitions that are normally not visible to the user (runtime system, FTP/SFTP). However, these partitions are momentarily mounted and visible for a fraction of a second when accessed from the firmware.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Details"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "CSAFPID-32001",
          "CSAFPID-32002",
          "CSAFPID-32003",
          "CSAFPID-32004",
          "CSAFPID-32005",
          "CSAFPID-32006",
          "CSAFPID-32007",
          "CSAFPID-32008",
          "CSAFPID-32009",
          "CSAFPID-32010"
        ],
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-31001",
          "CSAFPID-31002",
          "CSAFPID-31003",
          "CSAFPID-31004",
          "CSAFPID-31005",
          "CSAFPID-31006",
          "CSAFPID-31007",
          "CSAFPID-31008",
          "CSAFPID-31009",
          "CSAFPID-31010"
        ]
      },
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-05-21T10:00:00.000Z",
          "details": "Update to Firmware version 13.",
          "group_ids": [
            "CSAFGID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "date": "2025-06-03T12:00:00.000Z",
          "details": "By default, FTP is disabled on these devices. To prevent exploitation of this vulnerability, it is recommended to also disable SFTP in firmware versions below 13 through the device's configuration settings.",
          "group_ids": [
            "CSAFGID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "environmentalScore": 7.5,
            "environmentalSeverity": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "temporalScore": 7.5,
            "temporalSeverity": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-31001",
            "CSAFPID-31002",
            "CSAFPID-31003",
            "CSAFPID-31004",
            "CSAFPID-31005",
            "CSAFPID-31006",
            "CSAFPID-31007",
            "CSAFPID-31008",
            "CSAFPID-31009",
            "CSAFPID-31010"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "CVE-2025-41664"
    }
  ]
}